HIV Essay Essays - HIVAIDS, Pandemics, HIV, , Term Papers

Effect of Recession on Movie Industry Foreword Composing this exposition was a long and debilitating procedure which included numerous misfortunes and disappointments. By the by it likewise was satisfying and energizing as I was driven by my enthusiasm and enthusiasm for motion pictures and films by and large. I generally planned to work for the film business one day and hold all around grounded any expectations of accomplishing this objective sooner rather than later. Perhaps this paper will assist with persuading the studios of my enthusiasm and abilities. My much gratitude goes to Mr Nick Bowen, who was an extraordinary mentor and helped me through unpleasant and badly arranged occasions with his skill and incredible comical inclination. I additionally might want to express gratitude toward me interviewees Mr Arwed Fischer and Mr Jan Fantl, who furnished me with numerous significant data and an inside into the business. Without them, a major piece of the report would not have arrived at the standard it has now. At long last, I am thankful for the assistance of my folks who made it feasible for me to go to London and furnished me with all that I required so as to be effective and cheerful later on. I would prefer not to neglect to thank every other person who bolstered me during this intense time and perked me up after one of the incidental difficulties. Official Summary As of late the film studios are encountering an increase in attendances and ticket deals regardless of the budgetary emergency. This previously occurred in past downturns and consequently will be dissected in this report. One purpose behind that practical invulnerability is by all accounts the mechanical advancement, for example, sound and shading previously or 3D film these days. By and by there are a few issues the business needs to manage right now, for example robbery or replacement products like videogames. Despite the fact that 3D motion pictures failed ceaselessly in the past as far as practical achievement, the studios attempted it again with a trend setting innovation and surpassed all desires when Avatar was discharged. In this setting elements, for example, rising ticket costs or the set number of 3D skilled films assume a major job too so as to decide the future possible the 3D innovation. A couple of organizations previously began to deliver and sell 3D competent TVs which should the following practical achievement the film scene. IMAX films endured a significant stretch of extremely low attendances and diminishing ticket deals until cutting edge 3D innovation has been utilized to create motion pictures. From that point forward the IMAX bunch notes record breaking attendances and boosting benefits. Two overviews have been broke down and contrasted with one another. One, distributed in 2005 by Opinion Dynamics Corporation previously demonstrated some inquisitive realities on 3D film and its conceivable achievement later on. The subsequent one has been produced online by the creator of this report in 2010 among a gathering of individuals from 10 nations. Regarding determining an accomplishment of 3D motion pictures it is exceptionally difficult for the studios to gauge the achievement of a solitary film or even a totally different innovation. They for the most part attempt to discover what is generally speaking to the crowd (in contrast to free creations) and in this way have their investigators estimating dangers and returns. All things considered DisplaySearch 3D Display Technology led a figure which is very hopeful and anticipates increments in each area of the film business (films, home films and so on). The suggestions incorporate the creators genuine belief of how the 3D innovation will impact the film scene and the choices studios need to showcase it appropriately. By meeting individuals from the film business the creator assembled some inside information which he attempted to apply to his suggestions. Accordingly it is normal that the blast of 3D motion pictures will back off somewhat however keep on fortifying once more. In the drawn out it is normal that the new innovation will positively affect the film business. 1. Presentation As indicated by Dreamworks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg, the up and coming 3D film innovation is the best development to happen in the film business in 70 years. (CNN Online, 2008) This announcement shows the desire for the entire business for additional attendances and an upset in the film showcase. An expanding measure of film studios move their creations towards the new innovation. Subsequently this is talked about in a rising number of TV-shows, magazines and papers. In spite of the way that videogames are getting increasingly well known and the money related credit emergency has decreased normal pay, going out to see the films despite everything is by all accounts a major piece of day by day life everywhere throughout the world. This happens despite the fact that the entire film industry is by all accounts in an emergency, as will be clarified beneath. At first 3D motion pictures were delivered utilizing 2 separate projectors to create one twofold picture and running two separate moves of film. These days the innovation is unmistakably further developed which implies that advanced projectors are introduced in films delivering more keen and steadier pictures. There likewise is a distinction underway between genuine motion pictures and enlivened ones. Energized motion pictures are not delivered with genuine cameras yet use PCs to make and render each and every shot from two edges. Live activity motion pictures then again are recorded by new double focal point advanced cameras that can catch two perspectives. (BBC news, 2009) Film attendances in the United States diminished by 2, 6 %, tumbling to its most reduced level since 1997, though incomes tumbled from $1,484 billion of every 2004 to $1,364 billion of every 2008. In a similar period the measure of screens bounced from 35,993 to 39,476. To have the option to show 3D motion pictures, it is important to move up to advanced screens; here the number expanded from just 138 out of 2004 to 4,576 out of 2008, a rising pattern. (Marche du film, 2009) Connecting these information prompts the end that the film business is quick to set up and put resources into another innovation so as to make heading off to the film increasingly appealing to its clients and increment attendances in the short and long haul. The accompanying report investigations the present status of the film business and shows the conceivable financial effect in the midst of downturn on the overall market. The businesses fundamental ebb and flow issues and an estimate dependent on patterns and significant statistical surveying are likewise inspected. 2. Writing Review This section sums up and assesses the related research of what has been expounded on the exploration theme. Assessments and information from a wide range of individuals, working for the film business or being sufficiently close to wander a conjecture, have been considered and assessed unbiasedly. The section additionally characterizes and clarifies the new 3D film innovation, its history and its attributes from alternate points of view. Besides it covers a few models and speculations and discusses reports and how to gauge their significance. This is trailed by an assessment to call attention to shortcomings or holes in the writing. The last part will comprise of a connect to the underlying examination question and what the arrangement for continuing is. By and large, there are 3 principle inquiries to be canvassed in this section: 1. How did large studios retaliate in past downturns? 2. How have specialized improvements impacted business in the past in various markets? 3. What are current issues in the business? It likewise is clear that because of the freshness of the theme picked, there are sure requirements regarding what sort of writing is at present accessible. Along these lines the principle sources refered to are sites just as essential research. 2.1 Comebacks of the Studios in Past Recessions After the first huge Wall Street Crash in quite a while, rose by 58% contrasted with the earlier year. (Amusement times on the web, 2008) According to John Fithian, leader of the National Association of Theater Owners in America, this implies â€Å"In the previous four decades there have been seven downturn years in this nation, and the movies has climbed firmly in five of those years,† (Entertainment times on the web, 2008) According to the Academy of Management Journal (1996), between 1936 - 1950 property based assets, for example, long haul contracts with stars and theaters helped budgetary execution to settle. As opposed to the time of 1951-65, when information based assets, for example, coordination and creation ability and spending plans expanded budgetary execution. (Institute of Management Journal, 1996, pp. 519-543) Soliciting some from the most significant and influential individuals in the U.S. furthermore, UK film industry shows that the larger part accepts that the present downturn either is a chance or even a purpose behind rising deals. Be that as it may, what is the purpose behind that amazing achievement in monetary downturns? Other than new innovations, which lamentably are not generally discharged at the correct time, the studios choose to distribute more comedies and activity films, to assist the crowd with escaping from their fiscal issues. In the USA, three of the main five motion pictures as far as gross benefit of 2009 are comedies: Mall Cop, Hes Just Not That into You and Bride Wars. (CNN motion pictures, 2009) This grants us to make the inference that a downturn doesn't really prompt a separate of deals in the film business. Be that as it may, did past downturns truly have no effect or even a positive effect on the film business? Not every person concurs with the hypothesis of expanding deals in downturns however. Gerald Peary, a narrative producer and pundit in Boston, Massachusetts, accepts that the market will be overwhelmed with mentally less testing motion pictures since they are the ones that are bound to prevail on the crowd with littler financial plan. As he would see it The more moronic the film is, once in a while, the more cash it makes, which expresses that Those motion pictures are by one way or another both pundit verification and misery confirmation. (CNN films, 2009) Another perspective is spoken to by Basinger, the film history specialist who expect that it is still too early to foresee any patterns concerning the downturn and motion pictures. She calls attention to that downturns prompts quicker changes in the film scene. Likewise for her, going out to see the films isn't hig

Theology Reflection Paper Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Reflection Paper Essay Presentation For my two subjects I pick The Nature of God and Sin Nature (the nature of man). The two themes are clearly direct inverses however as a youngster a large portion of what I thought about God originated from the wicked idea of family that I turned upward to and later how I figured out how to perceive and petition God for my current corrupt nature was from learning the genuine Nature of God. In this paper I will clarify how the two subjects associated with my life and how this investigation has assist me with understanding the two points significantly more. In the past, when you didn't know God, you were subjugated to those that essentially are not divine beings. In any case, since you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God (Galatians 4:8). The Nature of God The Nature of God is really comprehended with the Holy Spirit and the investigation of God’s Word. Matchless quality, Omniscience, Omnipotence, Omnipresence are only a couple of words that depict the Nature of God. To genuinely realize God is to fear him and be in stunningness of him. To the King of the ages, unfading, undetectable, the main God, be respect and brilliance for all eternity. So be it (1Timothy 1:17). I was brought up in a Gypsy culture which prompted numerous horrendous understandings in the outside world. One unfortunate mix-up is that I had of the idea of God. As a wanderer kid we would tune in to numerous accounts from â€Å"successful†Ã¢ elders in order to learn some extraordinary mystery to support us. A large number of these accounts included notions and the legitimization of doing terrible things to get a head. One story that advocated such acts was that as Jesus Christ was being executed a wanderer kid took one of the nails expected to be utilized to nail Jesus to the cross. We were told in view of this Jesus excuses us for like sins that we resolve to carry on with our life in the wanderer culture. This story and attitude truly influenced the view I had of the Nature of God and the existence I should live. The Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will show all of you things and bring to your recognition all that I have said to you (John 14:26). It is entirely obvious to me since the understanding we as a whole had in those days was not because of the Holy Spirit. Subsequent to being received by a Baptist minister and really being spared I began my excursion to comprehend the Nature of God. The present understanding I have of the Nature of God has taken 15 years to make. Consistently God uncovers his temperament to me with current issues, exploring my past and with contemplating God’s Word. Sin Nature The corrupt nature needs to do fiendish, which is the exact inverse of what the Spirit needs (Galatians 5:17). Sin Nature is something humankind can't battle without the Spirit. For I realize that great itself doesn't stay in me, that is, in my corrupt nature. For I want to do what is acceptable, however I can't complete it (Romans 7:18). Evil Nature has been passed down right back to Adam. Be that as it may, one’s individual Sin Nature can discover its foundations a lot nearer to introduce time. I have discovered that I share a large portion of my evil battles with my dad, Tommy. Tommy, has been hitched more than multiple times is a heavy drinker and dependent on medications and brutality. In any case, these wicked dangerous attributes are anything but difficult to stay away from for a child that has an away from of what befalls a man with such propensities. Be that as it may, the issue that wasn’t as known is Tommy’s dependence on pornography. My excursion with pornography began at an early age and is established profound inside me. This transgression nature has vanquished more than 20 associations with twisted dreams of sex. I don't comprehend what I do. For what I need to do I don't do, yet what I despise I do (Romans 7:15). As my dad before me I could fall into similar snares of various relationships and viciousness, but since of the information I have of God’s Nature and the Holy Spirit within me I can battle said sin with information. Those whoâ live as indicated by the substance have their brains set on what the tissue wants; yet the individuals who live as per the Spirit have their psyches set on what the Spirit wants (Romans 8:5). End In the eleventh section of Core Christianity, Elmer Towns says â€Å"Whenever Christianity contacts a culture in a critical manner; there is constantly an adjustment in a constructive way.† Being brought up in one culture that was not genuinely moved by Christianity and afterward embraced into a totally extraordinary culture that was really moved by Christ I have actually felt and seen the beneficial outcomes Christianity has when it contacts a real existence or culture. In part 5 of Core Christianity, Elmer Towns addresses One Doorâ€Two Sides. In the majority of his book however particularly in this segment E. Towns, features my now Reformed Perspective God has uncovered to me. I presently have a superior comprehension of The Nature of God and how genuinely honored I am, The Lord is my quality and my shield; in him my heart trusts, and I am helped; my heart celebrates, and with my tune I express gratefulness to him {Psalm 28:7)

I dont like SPAM!

I don’t like SPAM! I know you’re already thinking to yourself, “Where is Dave going to go with the SPAM joke?” Will he follow through on the Monty Python subject line? Will he show a can of the eponymous meat-like substance (now with Bacon!*)? Perhaps a photo of SPAM carved to resemble some bit of tech like a computer or iPod? Or will I unexpectedly shift gears into a joke about Scrapple? What devious pun lies in wait? The suspense is too much to bear. You can relax, because today I’m taking the high road. That’s in no small part because I really dislike computer SPAM. We’ve been getting more than usual on the blogs lately, and it’s a trend that concerns me. So we’re going to try something called ReCaptcha on the blogs for a few days. For those unfamiliar with anti-SPAM technology, ReCaptcha is the box of wavy text at the bottom of the page, just above the “submit” button. The theory is that only humans (and occasionally Cylons) can decipher the distorted text back into words. SPAMbots, even the polite ones, get stuck at the door. If ReCaptcha eliminates the SPAM and doesn’t wreak havoc with legitimate comments we’ll keep it around. If you have trouble with ReCaptcha, please let me know (obviously you might not be able to comment, but you can always email me). * True story

Shakespeares Macbeth - Subversion of Reason by Ambition...

Macbeth: Subversion of Reason by Ambition Throughout the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the reasoning of the central characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, is completely subverted by their insatiable ambition. At first, Macbeth is reasonable enough to keep his ambition under control. However, his ambition gradually becomes stronger and eventually overpowers Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is controlled by ambition from the very beginning. After the decision is made to kill Duncan, all rational thought is abandoned. Once the murder is planned, there is no serious questioning of the misleading predictions of the three witches. Macbeth even goes as far as to ask for the witches’ advice a second time - this second time would lead to†¦show more content†¦- I thank you, Gentlemen. - This supernatural Soliciting/Cannot be Ill, cannot be good. If Ill, Why hath it given me Earnest of Success, / Commencing in a truth? I am Thane of Cawdor. If Good, why do I yield to tat Suggestion/Whose Horrid Image doth unfix my Heir And make my seated Heart knock at my Ribs/Against the use of Nature (I.iii.125-135)? Even as Macbeth questions their motives, he does not come to the logical assumption that these three evildoers are pushing him down a path filled with evil and despair. He says that their visit cannot be ill, cannot be good(I.iii.129) demonstrating that his ambition has not completely overtaken him. Not only does Macbeth question the motives of the witches, he also questions the moral implications of killing Duncan and presents an argument against killing his beloved king. Hes here in double trust:/First, as I am his kinsman and his subject Strong both against the deed; then, as his host, /Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself. Besides, this Duncan/ Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been So clear in his great office, that his virtues/ Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against The deep damnation of his taking-off (I.vii.12-16). His ambition is present because he does seem to be ready to refute the title of King and in fact accepts the

Causes of Spectator Violence in Sports - 1604 Words

Causes of Spectator Violence in Sports As a season ticket holder for all Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Eagles home games, I’ve seen my fair share of spectator violence over the years. The fact that Philadelphia has a reputation of having some of the rowdiest fans in sports has given me the unfortunate ability to witness spectator violence right before my eyes. There are many different types of spectator violence, as well as many different causes for them. As spectators, we must not only think about the instant repercussions of this violence, but we also need to think about the future repercussions of these actions. As spectator violence is becoming more prevalent in sports, the children spectators are going to start to†¦show more content†¦It is no coincidence that the sports that have a higher level of aggression also have more incidents involving spectator violence. Hockey, Soccer, and Football are the three sports where we hear about the most fights a nd altercations in the stands. Yes, there are incidents in other sports such as Basketball and Baseball, but they are few and far between. When fans see the athletes acting aggressively, it quickly elevates the aggression level in the stands (Adamson 404). Hockey is the only sport where fighting is actually NOT frowned upon amongst the athletes. In fact, it’s almost glorified. If you ever watch a sporting event, other than hockey, where a fight breaks out or there is an altercation in the stands, the camera quickly pans away from it, or the station goes to commercial. In hockey, the announcers begin announcing the fight as if it were a boxing match. It’s no coincidence that hockey also sees a large number of violent interactions amongst fans in the stands. Another issue that tends to lead to aggression and violence in the stands is the overcrowding of stadiums and the seating arrangements. Often times, fans have spent time in traffic on their way to the event. They’ve spent time finding a parking spot and waited in line while trying to get into the stadium. They have most likely already had a few alcoholic beverages as well. All of these small â€Å"speedbumps† on the way to the event can tend to frustrate the spectators. Combining theseShow MoreRelated Sports Violence in Relation to Preserving Values in Society Essay808 Words   |  4 Pages post-game sports riots, and increasing injuries are all images of today’s sports that are familiar to us. In recent years players and fans alike have shown increased aggression when it comes to sporting events. One of the most disturbing trends in sports is the increasing frequency and severity of violence. Injuries and deaths among participants are on the rise, as are injuries and deaths among fans and spectators. 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While modern day sports vary drastically and so do their playing fields, in the Roman Empire one sport reigned supreme the sport of Chariot racing. Few forms of entertainment enjoyed as great of a level of devotion and longevity than that of Chariot racing. The sport of chariot racing was an integral part of Roman society and wherever the Romans went, chariot racingRead More Fan Violence: Whos To Blame? Essay2402 Words   |  10 Pagesout there†. Reggie Smith, (Berger, 1990). Spectator violence at sporting events has been recorded throughout history. People who have power over the events, often team owners, indirectly influence the amount of spectator violence by encouraging the factors contributing to violence, in order to benefit themselves. Sale of alcohol, encouraging crowd intensity, creating rivalries, and targeting social groups, are factors affecting the degree of spectator violence and can be proven to be influenced by the

Difference between retained earnings Free Essays

Retained earnings is the profit generated by a company that are not distributed to stockholders (shareholders) as dividends but are either reinvested in the business or kept as a reserve for specific objectives (such as to pay off a debt or purchase a capital asset). A balance sheet figure shown under the heading retained earnings is the sum of all profits retained since the companys inception. Retained earnings are reduced by losses, and are also called accumulated earnings, accumulated profit, accumulated Income, accumulated surplus, earned surplus, ndistributed earnings, or undivided profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference between retained earnings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Profit and loss account is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the companys revenues and expenses during a particular period. It Indicates how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the â€Å"top line†) are transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as â€Å"net profit† or the â€Å"bottom line†). It displays the revenues recognized tor a specific period, nd the cost and expenses charged against these revenues, including write- offs (e. . , depreciation and amortization of various assets) and taxes. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported. When any amount is kept separate by a company out of its profit for future purpose then that is called as General reserves. In other words, the general reserves are th e ‘retained earnings’ of a company which are kept aside out of company’s profits to meet future known or unknown obligations. General reserves are the part of ‘Profit and Loss Appropriation Account’. The general reserve is a free reserve which can be utilized for any purpose after fulfilling certain conditions. The primary differences between the retained earnings , profit and loss account and general reserve is as follows: Point of difference Retained earning Account General reserve Definition This is the profit which is not distributed to the stockholders but probably reinvested In the business. This Is the financial statement of a company which shows the tOf2 for future purposes. Uses This is used or retained as earnings for specific objectives like to pay off debts etc. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported. General reserve is certain amount of money kept aside for future need or unexpected expenses. Found under A balance sheet figure shown under the heading retained earnings is the sum of all profits retained since the company’s inception. Found in the final accounts statement book General reserves are the part of Profit and Loss Appropriation Account. How to cite Difference between retained earnings, Papers

Western Europe In Middle Ages Essay Example For Students

Western Europe In Middle Ages Essay Saint Francis of Assisi (1182-1226) was born into a wealthy family at Assisi, Italy, the son of a cloth merchant. Francis received little formal education and during his youth was mostly preoccupied with having fun. As a young man, he was popular, charming, enjoyed practical jokes and was usually the life of the party. Because of his wealth, he generally picked up the tab and thus attracted a following of fun loving, rowdy young men and promiscuous women. When armed conflict broke out between the men of Assisi and a neighboring city in 1202, Francis eagerly volunteered for the cavalry but wound up getting captured after the first big battle and spent a year in captivity. Francis returned to Assisi hailed as a hero, but unknown to his friends he had undergone a transformation in his outlook during his captivity. Although he was once again the life of the party, he was now questioning his reason for existence. After much contemplation, including vivid dreams and mystic visions, he turned away from the pursuit of all worldly pleasures, sold all his property and donated the money to the Church. He then began a lifelong passion of caring for societys castoffs, the sick and poor, including lepers. His wealthy father reacted to his sons new lifestyle by disinheriting him. Thus Francis lived in utter poverty and even went without shoes. But his humbleness, extraordinary kindness and love for humanity attracted the attention of other young men and they also chose to give up worldly pleasures and follow him to spread the gospel and serve the poor. Eventually, as the brotherhood grew, its members traveled to other parts of Europe to preach, including France, Ge rmany, Spain and England. A separate order for women was formed, now known as the Franciscan Nuns or Poor Clares. Francis had much love for animals with special fondness for the birds. He liked to refer to animals as his brothers and sisters. Legend has it that wild animals had no fear of Francis and even came to him seeking refuge from harm. In 1224, Francis went up onto a mountain and began a 40-day fast. During that time he is said to have had a miraculous vision and received the marks of the nails and spear exactly as they appeared on the body of Jesus during his crucifixion. After his death in 1226, Francis was declared a saint by Pope Gregory IX. For centuries after his death, his Franciscan order has experienced continuous growth and is still active today caring for the poor, educating, and continuing many other good deeds. (www.historypage.com)History Essays We will write a custom essay on Western Europe In Middle Ages specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

First Battle of the Marne in World War I

First Battle of the Marne in World War I The First Battle of the Marne was fought September 6-12, 1914, during World War I (1914-1918) and marked the limit of Germanys initial advance into France. Having implemented the Schlieffen Plan at the wars outset, German forces swung through Belgium and into France from north. Though pushing back French and British forces, a gap opened between two armies on the German right wing. Exploiting this, the Allies attacked into the gap and threatened to encircle the German First and Second Armies. This forced the Germans to halt their advance and retreat behind the Aisne River. Dubbed the Miracle of the Marne, the battle saved Paris, ended German hopes of a quick victory in the west, and touched off the Race to the Sea which would create the front that would largely hold for the next four years. Fast Facts: First Battle of the Marne Conflict: World War I (1914-1918)Dates: September 6-12, 1914Armies Commanders:GermanyChief of Staff Helmuth von Moltkeapprox. 1,485,000 men (August)AlliesGeneral Joseph JoffreField Marshal Sir John French1,071,000 menCasualties:Allies: France - 80,000 killed, 170,000 wounded, Britain - 1,700 killed, 11,300 woundedGermany: 67,700 killed, 182,300 wounded Background With the outbreak of World War I, Germany began implementation of the Schlieffen Plan. This called for the bulk of their forces to assemble in the west while only a small holding force remained in the east. The goal of the plan was to quickly defeat France before the Russians could fully mobilize their forces. With France defeated, Germany would be free to focus their attention to the east. Devised earlier, the plan was altered slightly in 1906 by Chief of the General Staff, Helmuth von Moltke, who weakened the critical right wing to reinforce Alsace, Lorraine, and the Eastern Front (Map). Chief of the German General Staff Helmuth von Moltke. With the outbreak of World War I, the Germans implemented the plan which called for violating the neutrality of Luxembourg and Belgium in order to strike France from the north (Map). Pushing through Belgium, the Germans were slowed by stubborn resistance which allowed the French and arriving British Expeditionary Force to form a defensive line. Driving south, the Germans inflicted defeats on the Allies along the Sambre at the Battles of Charleroi and Mons. Fighting a series of holding actions, French forces, led by commander-in-chief General Joseph Joffre, fell back to a new position behind the Marne with the goal of holding Paris. Angered by the French proclivity for retreating without informing him, the commander of the BEF, Field Marshal Sir John French, wished to pull the BEF back towards the coast but was convinced to stay at the front by War Secretary Horatio H. Kitchener. On the other side, the Schlieffen Plan continued to proceed, however, Moltke was increasingly losing control of his forces, most notably the key First and Second Armies. Marshal Joseph Joffre. Photograph Source: Public Domain Commanded by Generals Alexander von Kluck and Karl von Bà ¼low respectively, these armies formed the extreme right wing of the German advance and were tasked with sweeping to the west of Paris to encircle Allied forces. Instead, seeking to immediately envelop the retreating French forces, Kluck and Bà ¼low wheeled their armies to the southeast to pass to the east of Paris. In doing so, they exposed the right flank of the German advance to attack. Becoming aware of this tactical error on September 3, Joffre began making plans for a counter-offensive the next day. Moving to Battle To aid this effort, Joffre was able to bring General Michel-Joseph Maunourys newly-formed Sixth Army into line northeast of Paris and to the west of the BEF. Using these two forces, he planned to attack on September 6. On September 5, Kluck learned of the approaching enemy and began to wheel his First Army west to meet the threat posed by Sixth Army. In the resulting Battle of the Ourcq, Klucks men were able to put the French on the defensive. While the fighting prevented the Sixth Army from attacking the next day, it did open a 30-mile gap between the First and Second German Armies (Map). Into the Gap Utilizing the new technology of aviation, Allied reconnaissance planes quickly spotted this gap and reported it to Joffre. Quickly moving to exploit the opportunity, Joffre ordered General Franchet dEspà ©reys French Fifth Army and the BEF into the gap. As these forces moved to isolate the German First Army, Kluck continued his attacks against Maunoury. Composed largely of reserve divisions, the Sixth Army came close to breaking but was reinforced by troops brought from Paris by taxicab on September 7. On September 8, the aggressive dEspà ©rey launched a large-scale attack on Bà ¼lows Second Army driving it back (Map). Field Marshal Sir John French. Photograph Source: Public Domain By the next day, both the German First and Second Armies were being threatened with encirclement and destruction. Told of the threat, Moltke suffered a nervous breakdown. Later that day, the first orders were issued for a retreat effectively negating the Schlieffen Plan. Recovering, Moltke directed his forces across the front to fall back to a defensive position behind the Aisne River. A wide river, he stipulated that the lines so reached will be fortified and defended. Between September 9 and 13, German forces broke off contact with the enemy and retreated north to this new line. Aftermath Allied casualties in the fighting numbered around 263,000, while the Germans incurred similar losses. In the wake of the battle, Moltke reportedly informed Kaiser Wilhelm II, Your Majesty, we have lost the war. For his failure, he was replaced as Chief of the General Staff on September 14 by Erich von Falkenhayn. A key strategic victory for the Allies, the First Battle of the Marne effectively ended German hopes for a quick victory in the west and condemned them to a costly two-front war. Reaching the Aisne, the Germans halted and occupied the high ground north of the river. Pursued by the British and French, they defeated Allied attacks against this new position. On September 14, it was clear that neither side would be able to dislodge the other and the armies began entrenching. At first, these were simple, shallow pits, but quickly they became deeper, more elaborate trenches. With the war stalled along the Aisne in Champagne, both armies began efforts to turn the others flank in the west. This resulted in a race north to the coast with each side seeking to turn the others flank. Neither was successful and, by the end of October, a solid line of trenches ran from the coast to the Swiss frontier.

De Broglie Wavelength Hypothesis Overview

De Broglie Wavelength Hypothesis Overview The De Broglie hypothesis proposes that all matter exhibits wave-like properties and relates the observed wavelength of matter to its momentum. After Albert Einsteins photon theory became accepted, the question became whether this was true only for light or whether material objects also exhibited wave-like behavior. Here is how the De Broglie hypothesis was developed. De Broglies Thesis In his 1923 (or 1924, depending on the source) doctoral dissertation, the French physicist Louis de Broglie made a bold assertion. Considering Einsteins relationship of wavelength lambda to momentum p, de Broglie proposed that this relationship would determine the wavelength of any matter, in the relationship: lambda h / p recall that h is Plancks constant This wavelength is called the de Broglie wavelength. The reason he chose the momentum equation over the energy equation is that it was unclear, with matter, whether E should be total energy, kinetic energy, or total relativistic energy. For photons, they are all the same, but not so for matter. Assuming the momentum relationship, however, allowed the derivation of a similar de Broglie relationship for frequency f using the kinetic energy Ek: f Ek / h Alternate Formulations De Broglies relationships are sometimes expressed in terms of Diracs constant, h-bar h / (2pi), and the angular frequency w and wavenumber k: p h-bar * kEk h-bar * w Experimental Confirmation In 1927, physicists Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer, of Bell Labs, performed an experiment where they fired electrons at a crystalline nickel target. The resulting diffraction pattern matched the predictions of the de Broglie wavelength. De Broglie received the 1929 Nobel Prize for his theory (the first time it was ever awarded for a Ph.D. thesis) and Davisson/Germer jointly won it in 1937 for the experimental discovery of electron diffraction (and thus the proving of de Broglies hypothesis). Further experiments have held de Broglies hypothesis to be true, including the quantum variants of the double slit experiment. Diffraction experiments in 1999 confirmed the de Broglie wavelength for the behavior of molecules as large as buckyballs, which are complex molecules made up of 60 or more carbon atoms. Significance of the de Broglie Hypothesis The de Broglie hypothesis showed that wave-particle duality was not merely an aberrant behavior of light, but rather was a fundamental principle exhibited by both radiation and matter. As such, it becomes possible to use wave equations to describe material behavior, so long as one properly applies the de Broglie wavelength. This would prove crucial to the development of quantum mechanics. It is now an integral part of the theory of atomic structure and particle physics. Macroscopic Objects and Wavelength Though de Broglies hypothesis predicts wavelengths for ​matter of any size, there are realistic limits on when its useful. A baseball thrown at a pitcher has a de Broglie wavelength that is smaller than the diameter of a proton by about 20 orders of magnitude. The wave aspects of a macroscopic object are so tiny as to be unobservable in any useful sense, although interesting to muse about.

In depth research on the difference berween Slow cooking and Fast Essay

In depth research on the difference berween Slow cooking and Fast cooking as applies to modern standards in today's industry - Essay Example A nation’s diet reveals more about its culture and values than its art or literature (Schlosser, 2002). According to Belanger (1998), the attitude towards fast food mirrors the American society: â€Å"industrialized, impersonal, dominated by big business, advertising driven, hectic, anti-environmental, and not very satisfying.† In today’s hectic world, where there is simply no time for relaxation and pleasure and the society is driven by convenience and speed, fast food seems to be the answer. Fast food requires no grocery shopping or cooking, thereby saving the labor required to do both. The slow food movement directly opposes every concept that fast food represents – blandness, uniformity, conformity and the blind worship of science and technology (Krummer, 2002). In his article, Vinci (2007) propagates the concept of slow food as eating healthily and responsibly. Although critics of slow food claim that it is elitist and unaffordable by ordinary people, Kummer uses a different range of adjectives to describe the same. According to him, they are mainly peasant foods that have been prepared the same way for centuries. They are time-tested and spring directly from regional cultures and cuisines (2002, p.12). The affinity towards industrial standardization and mass production is another reason for the increasing popularity of fast food. Fast food stems from an entirely different sort of mass culture and mass production, says Krummer (2002). One Taste Worldwide, the slogan of one of the largest fast food chains, McDonalds, perfectly sums up the homogenizing and standardizing effect that seems to have captured the taste buds of many. Savoring genuine tastes together with saving the environment is the new trend that is taking the world by storm, declares Vinci (2007). The slow food brigade is also spreading the message that food should not only be tasty but also nutritious and healthy, which

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research report - Essay Example This is since they do not have the same intellectual level as the analyst on the given subject. The author of the report needs to match the material with the interests of his/her audience. This can keep them interested through the presentation process. Without an exceptional presentation, the audience may find the material uninteresting (Lannon, 2007). Another reason why a researcher needs to think of his/her audience is the fact that their need for that information is vital. Therefore, a researcher has the capacity to influence the audience through the report (Lannon, 2007). The presentation needs to suit them perfectly. There is first the elimination of unnecessary detail. The audience needs to understand the motive of the research. Getting straight to the point is one way to do this. The audience may be lost while trying to decipher the main point of the research, hence losing interest. Another step is addressing the audience directly during the presentation (Gerson & Gerson, 2005). This can be of help since the audience need to feel as part of the report. Moreover, the language should suit the audience to make them understand better. This is to prevent losing them in the long run due to tough grammar. Keeping it short, precise, and to the point can help the audience appreciate the report, and the researcher. They do not need to get lost in the presentation of the findings. Hence; the reason to keep the presentation short (Gerson & Gerson, 2005). In conclusion, an exceptional report relies heavily on the presentation of the findings. If there is a poor presentation, then the research was in vain. It makes the researcher lose morale even though he/she might have decent material (Blicq, 2003). Following such steps, one is likely to have his/her audience interested in what they are

Enablers and Barriers to Nuclear Medicine

Enablers and Barriers to Nuclear Medicine Introduction: Nuclear medicine has emerged because of advances in the field of nuclear technology. This is a branch of medical studies that uses a small amount of radioactive substances, for purposes of diagnosing and determining the nature of disease that an individual is suffering from. This type of medical practice is normally used for purposes of treating chronic diseases such as heart diseases, cancer, neurological and endocrine disorders, and other abnormal conditions within the body of an individual (Moniuszko Patel, 2011). This field of nuclear medicine is used by a variety of medical experts, and this includes, oncologists, radiologists, gynecologists, radiotherapists, endocrinologists, etc. There are three major types of people who are working and under the field of nuclear medicine, and they include, the nuclear physician, the nuclear medicine technologist, and the nuclear pharmacist. The nuclear physicians are responsible in diagnosing and treating a patient. Furthermore, they have th e responsibility of carrying out research in this field of nuclear technology. The technician on the other hand, works with a patient, and he or she is a specialized individual who assists the physician in diagnosing and treating a patient. The pharmacist on the other hand, involves himself in the procurement, control, and distribution of radio-pharmaceutical products (Laake, Benestad Olsen, 2007). This is an indication that this field on nuclear medicine is an independent specialty, and well organized, and hence it can cater for the needs of its patients. This paper is a proposal on the researcher to be carried out on the enablers and barriers to the practice of nuclear medicine. This paper takes a stand that in as much as there are some factors responsible for promoting the practice of nuclear medicine, there are also some barriers. Research Problem: One of the major challenges facing nuclear medicine is based on the dangers of radiation. Radiation is a very serious issue, and can have a very negative impact on the health of an individual. This includes the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, which are always difficult to treat. Furthermore, it is highly expensive to train nuclear medicine experts, and this is the reason there is a shortage of nuclear medicine practitioners in the world (Moniuszko Patel, 2011). There is also a dilemma on where to place this field of nuclear medicine. This is because there is confusion on whether to categorize nuclear medicine under the field of medicine, or to give it an independent specialty. Failure to address these concerns and issues that are brought forth in regard to nuclear technology can have an impact in limiting the emergence and growth of nuclear technology in the world. It is therefore necessary for policy formulators to come up with methods and measures that can be used for purposes of encouraging the growth and use of nuclear technology (Prekeges, 2013). One method is to encourage extensive research in this field of nuclear medicine. Furthermore, there is a need of issuing scholarships to needy but bright students, so that they may pursue a study in the field of nuclear technology. Failure to achieve these objectives would result to limiting the growth and development of the field of nuclear medicine. This would in turn increase the deaths of people, because of an increase in the number of people suffering from chronic diseases or illnesses. It is therefore necessary to address the barriers to the practice of nuclear medicine, and create more enables to the practice. Aims of the Research: This research aims at achieving the following three aims, Analyzing the enablers to the practice of nuclear medicine. Analyzing the barriers to the practice of nuclear medicine. Coming up with a solution on how to practice nuclear medicine. Objectives of the Research: To analyze the various literatures concerning nuclear medicine. To understand the various barriers to nuclear medicine. To understand the various enablers to nuclear medicine. Having an understanding of this concept of a nuclear medicine practitioner, from a primary source. Literature Review: Nuclear medicine is an important field of study, and this is basically because it helps in the treatment of chronic diseases. These diseases include diseases such as cancer, and other abnormal conditions (Feld Roo, 2003). Therefore, the practice of nuclear medicine is segmented in nature, and this includes professionals such as radiologists, cardiologists, neurologists, nephrologists, etc. Cardiology is also the largest profession in the field of nuclear technology, and this is as per the year 2013. Furthermore, nephrology is also a field nuclear medicine, and it is the largest growing field in this practice (Powsner, Palmer Powsner, 2013). The reason for the emergence cardiology as the largest field of nuclear medicine is based on the facts that there is an increase in aging population, cardiac ailments, and a preference for diagnostic procedures that are non-invasive. Cardiologists play a role in the treatment and diagnoses of these ailments (Donohoe Van Den Abbeele, 2011). Howe ver, there are a number of barriers that plays a role in affecting the efficient practice of cardiology. One major barrier to an efficient practice of this field of medicine is based on the fact that it is very expensive to train professionals in this field. Cardiologists are highly trained and experienced medical practitioners, and these skills are gained over a long period of time. This time factor and the amount of money spent in the training of a cardiologist, limits the number of people who can train and work as a cardiologist. Furthermore, there are numerous risks involved, for people practicing this type of medicine, and this includes the high rates of deaths for people suffering from the disease (Donohoe Van Den Abbeele, 2000). For instance, people suffering from heart failures have a high chance of dying, and this makes the efforts of an oncologist to be futile. However, scholar disagrees with this fact. This is mainly because of the view that oncologists play a significant role in protecting and preserving the lives of other people, or patients. Furthermore, scholar explains that the high costs depicted in training cardiologists, is based on the high costs of equipments used, and it is beyond the control of medical practitione rs (Elgazzar, 2011). Through these assertions, Biersack Freeman (2007) explains that the best method of solving issues regarding to the training of oncologists, is based on the intervention by the government. This involves lowering taxes on products and tools that can be used for purposes of cardiology. Another barrier to the practice of cardiology is based on the accessibility of the doctors responsible for practicing cardiology (Elgazzar, 2011). It is very expensive to access these doctors, majorly because of the high consultation fees that they charge. Furthermore chances are high that an individual may suffer from depression, majorly because of the high volume of work they are undertaking, and the minimal chances of survival that a patient has (Mettler Guiberteau, 2012). This depression is bad, majorly because it may lead to the development of chronic diseases such as heart attacks, and even the thought of committing suicide. In fields such as oncology, nephrology, and radiology, is also faced with a variety of challenges. These challenges emanates from an increase in the complex medical cases that emerge. However, the British government has realized on the challenges that exist, in regard to the practice of cardiovascular medicine (Cherry, Sorenson Phelps, 2012). Therefore, the government has resorted to resorted to the building of more institutions responsible for training experts in nuclear medicine, and this includes, fields such as radiology, oncology, cardiology, etc. In the year 2005, in a bid of the British government to enhance the practice of nuclear medicine, the government formed an organization referred to as the modernization of medical careers. This movement specifically targeted the field of nuclear medicine, and it sought to enact changes to this field, so that it would be easy for people wishing to pursue a career in it, to pursue it. This is an indication that the British government supports the development of the practice of nuclear medicine. Take for example in the year 2007. To the year 2010, the British government was able to change the curriculum used in teaching nuclear medicine, and reduced the number of years, from four to three years. This applied to cardiovascular medicine. The effect of this, is that it was able to make it possible for people studying cardiology to graduate after three years of intensive training, and hence filling in the gaps, that existed in the shortage of experts in the field of nuclear medicine (Dawson, 2002). Kuwait is also another country that is encouraging the development and practice of nuclear medicine. For instance, the government of Kuwait has established a cancer control unit that is responsible for using nuclear technology for purposes of treating its patients. This is an indication that the government of Kuwait values this field of nuclear medicine, and it has developed measures at promoting its practice. This is specifically, in the treatment of cancer (Ziessman, Omalley, Thrall Fahey, 2014). Methodology: This paper will use both primary and secondary methods of data collection. Under the primary method of data collection, this paper would use both surveys, and structured interviews. For instance in the process of data collection, the researcher would seek to interview various professionals in the United Kingdom and Kuwait, for purposes of finding out the level of satisfaction that they are deriving, through their practice of nuclear medicine. Primary Methods of Research: Interviews: The following are the questions that the researcher would use, for purposes of carrying out an interview, Interview Questions: What are the challenges you are facing, in your pursuit of the field of nuclear medicine? What conditions are making possible for you to practice the field of nuclear medicine? Why did you choose to practice this field of nuclear medicine? What policies do you recommend for purposes of improving the manner which nuclear medicine is practiced, this is with reference to United Kingdom and Kuwait? Who are the major stakeholders in this field of nuclear medicine? What are the qualifications for an individual to pursue a career in nuclear medicine? A detailed and careful answer to the mentioned questions would help in providing information that would meet the aims of this research. There are a number of advantages of using a structured interview for purposes of collecting information/data. One advantage is that the researcher will maintain a face to face conversation, and hence it would be easy to read the body language of the interviewee (Abramson Abramson, 2013). This is for purposes of getting any unwritten and unintended information that the interviewee did not want to convey. Another advantage of using an interview is based on the fact that it is possible to collect the right information and store it, without any distortion. This is by using a digital tape recorder, or a mobile phone. This data would later be used in the process of analyzing the results of the interview. Despite the advantages of using a structured interview, it has various disadvantages. One such disadvantage is the difficulty of finding the interviewee (Jacobsen, 2013). These people are very busy people; hence there is a need of making an appointment, for purposes of getting an interview with them. Furthermore, the appointments may be declined, and restructured, and this may have an effect of tampering with the timetable of the researcher. Another disadvantage is that carrying out an interview is an expensive process, mainly because the interviewee may demand some allowances for taking their time. Surveys: The use of surveys would also be a very useful method of carrying out this research. However, the researcher would use the online surveys for purposes of collecting data for this research. Online surveys are a useful method for data collection, basically because they have the capability of reaching a large number of people (Jacobsen, 2012). The target group for these surveys would be doctors and other people in the field of nuclear medicine. The major disadvantage of the use of online surveys is based on the fact that chances are high that the target population may ignore them, hence failing to get the necessary information needed. To mitigate on this problem, the researcher would design only five questions that would be easy to answer. The following are the five questions contained in the online surveys, What are the barriers of practicing nuclear medicine? What are the enablers of practicing nuclear medicine? Who are the stakeholders in the field of nuclear medicine? How can we overcome the barriers of practicing nuclear medicine? Kindly provide at least two recommendations that can be used to encourage the practice of nuclear medicine. Secondary Methods of Research: The secondary methods of research in use would basically be library research. The researcher would rely on books, journals, and articles for purposes of collecting information on the enables and barriers in the practice of nuclear medicine (Mettler Guiberteau, 2012). Under books, the researcher would analyze various literatures on the practice of nuclear medicine. The focus of the researcher would be, on cardiovascular, radiology, and oncology medicine (Shi, 2008). This is because; these sections of medical practice constantly use the nuclear techno logy for purposes of treating their patients. The researcher would also use journals, which are very important tools of data collection. This is basically because they are peer reviewed, and hence the information contained in them is reliable and accurate. Time Frame: Conclusion: In conclusion, this research method aims at finding out the barriers and enables in the practice of nuclear medicine. It is important to explain that there are a number of careers in this branch of medicine, and these include, cardiology, radiology, oncology, etc. Nuclear medicine involves the use of radioactive elements for purposes of treating an individual, and hence it is an important method of treating chronic diseases. By understanding the various barriers that are affecting an efficient practice of this field of nuclear medicine, then chances are high that proper policies would be enacted, that would help in promoting its practice. References: Top of Form ABRAMSON, J., ABRAMSON, Z. H. (2013). Research methods in community medicine surveys, epidemiological research, programme evaluation, clinical trials. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley. Bottom of Form Top of Form BIERSACK, H. J., FREEMAN, L. M. (2007). Clinical nuclear medicine. Berlin, Springer. Bottom of Form Top of Form CHERRY, S. R., SORENSON, J. A., PHELPS, M. E. (2012). Physics in nuclear medicine. Philadelphia, Elsevier/Saunders. Top of Form DAWSON, C. (2002). Practical research methods: a user-friendly guide to mastering research techniques and projects. Oxford, How To Books. Bottom of Form Top of Form DONOHOE, K. J., VAN DEN ABBEELE, A. (2011). Case-based nuclear medicine. New York, Thieme. Top of Form DONOHOE, K. J., VAN DEN ABBEELE, A. (2000). Teaching atlas of nuclear medicine. New York, Thieme.Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form ELGAZZAR, A. H. (2011). A concise guide to nuclear medicine. Berlin, Springer. Top of Form FELD, M., ROO, M. D. (2003). History of nuclear medicine in Europe. Stuttgart, Schattauer. Top of Form JACOBSEN, K. H. (2012). Introduction to health research methods: a practical guide. Sudbury, Mass, Jones Bartlett Learning. Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form METTLER, F. A., GUIBERTEAU, M. J. (2012). Essentials of nuclear medicine imaging. Philadelphia, PA, Elsevier/Saunders. Top of Form MONIUSZKO, A., PATEL, D. (2011). Nuclear medicine technology study guide: a technologists review for passing board exams. New York, Springer. s Bottom of Form Top of Form (2004). Orthopedic Nuclear Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Top of Form POWSNER, R. A., PALMER, M. R., POWSNER, E. R. (2013). Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics and Instrumentation. New York, NY, John Wiley Sons.Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form PREKEGES, J. (2013). Nuclear medicine instrumentation. Burlington, Mass, Jones Bartlett Learning. Top of Form LAAKE, P., BENESTAD, H. B., OLSEN, B. R. (2007). Research methodology in the medical and biological sciences. Amsterdam, Academic. Bottom of Form Top of Form SHI, L. (2008). Health services research methods. Clifton Park, NY, Thomson/Delmar Learning. Bottom of Form Top of Form ZIESSMAN, H. A., OMALLEY, J. P., THRALL, J. H., FAHEY, F. H. (2014). Nuclear medicine: the requisites. Bottom of Form

Narrative Essay Example

Narrative essay Main character: genie Setting: swamp Plot: treasure is found There are four genies, which is Jinny, Winny, Tinny and Ninny, they are very good friend and they have living in a forest called The Peaceful Forest. They live in there almost 100 years, unfortunately they only can live 200 years, but they never feel sad about that and they live happily. One day, a devil has come to their place and tells them that there is a treasure inside the swamp which is behind the forest. He asks them to help him to get the treasure and he will give them a bottle of magic water that can help them to increase lifespan as the reward.After that, because the bottle of magic water only have one, so the genies started to become selfish and only think of self and try to get the magic water. But, actually the devil are lie to them, he just want them to help him to get the treasure and he does not have any reward to give back them. The four genies have a simple mind, so they do not think about the devil will lie to them, so they follow the devil to find the treasure and it take about 2 days to reach there. In the middle of the journey, Jinny, Winny and Tinny started to have conflict because they wanted to drink the magic water and do not want to let another to steal.Then, the devil started to smile because he has successful to provoke their relationship. Luckily, Niny, the leader of them which is lovely and kind, she started to tell them not to argue and try to persuade them but she failed because no one want to listen to her words. Few hours later, they reach the place, the devil is so exciting about the treasure that he have waited so long, so he call them to help him jump into the swamp to get it, but all of them are fighting because of the magic water. The devil can’t stand it, so he goes there and stop their fighting.When they all are pushing and pulling each other, the devil accidently felt into the swamp and he feel so painful because his weakness is cannot touch the swamp. The four genies quickly jump into it and try to save the devil, but it was too late, the devil has turn into ash. Unconsciously, Niny saw the treasure is floating on the swamp, so she take it and open it with the three other genies. After she opens it, they all smile to each other and hug each other because inside the treasure box, there was nothing inside. So, it means everything that they argue was a waste of time, and then they go back home and live happily just like before.

The White Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland - 1604 Words

Edwin Sutherland coined the term ‘white-collar crime’ and defined it as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.† (Black, 2010). While Sutherland focused on the perpetrator and his/her characteristics and roles in committing the crime, there were flaws within this definition in that it would not endure the progression of white-collar crime. By focusing on the individual and paying more attention to the actual crime, criminologist and scientist Herbert Edlehertz defined white collar crime as; â€Å"an illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by nonphysical means and by concealment and guile, to obtain money or property, to avoid payment or loss of money or property, or to obtain business or personal advantage.† (source) This is a significant modification because there is an increase in junior ranking individuals committing white-collar crimes. Although there are still convictions of executives, crime such as credit card fraud, forgery, identity theft, internet schemes and telemarketing fraud, do not necessarily require the perpetrator to be management personnel within a company. One other important shift in the understanding of white-collar crime, which this journal aims to contradict, is the notion that white-collar crimes are non-violent and are committed by people who are non-violent in nature. This journal’s purpose is to debunk this and discuss this misconception as it implies all white-collar crimesShow MoreRelatedThe White Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesphrase â€Å"white-collar crime† was introduces during 1939 when a presidential address was given by Edwin Sutherland to the American Sociological Society. Mr. Sutherland described it as, â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. Although there are many variables to what qualifies for a white-collar crime, the term is generally used for a variety of nonviolent, financially motivated individuals who will exploit their job to commit crimes. OneRead MoreWhite Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay2527 Words   |  11 Pages White Collar Crime Name Institutional Affiliation Currently, white collar crime is one of forms of crime that legal authorities are constantly combating. According to Hasnas (2004), a white collar crime is a non-violent crime committed by someone, especially to achieve financial realisation through deceit. The term â€Å"white collar crime† was coined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 defining it as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of hisRead MoreWhite Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesWhite Collar Crime by Edwin Sutherland, published in 1949, is a study in the theory of criminal behaviour. 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White-collar crime coined by Edwin Sutherland, for example, is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (TathamRead MoreWhite Collar Crime And Corporate Crime1158 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-Collar Crime consists of occupational crime and corporate crime. Occupational crime refers to offences committed against legitimate institutions businesses or government by those with respectable social status. It includes the embezzlement of corporate funds, tax evasion, compu ter crime and expense-account fraud. It is not every day that we hear about white-collar crimes but these non-violent crimes are on the rise to the top. Federal Bureau of Investigation states that USA, for example recordedRead MoreWhite Collar Crime And Criminal Behavior1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthe causations of crime and those at risk of criminal behaviour. White collar crime is a term founded less than a century ago within 1939 by Edwin Sutherland. 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There are 3 types of corporate income taxes as follows: National 30% of taxable income, Local 20.7% of National Tax, and EnterpriseRead MoreComparing The Ideas Of Edwin Sutherland1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the ideas of Edwin Sutherland from his 1940 publication of White-Collar Criminality with attitudes towards crime in the world today, specifically in George Ritzer’s Essentials of Sociology textbook, I believe that Sutherland would be fairly happy with the treatment of crime. The textbook’s treatment of the topic of crime aligns very well with Sutherland’s outlook. Ideas of crime seemed to be treated fairly in the text, avoiding the classic pitfalls of saying that crime is always associatedRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1083 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-collar crimes are just as prevalent today as ordinary street crimes. Studies show that criminal acts committed by white-collar criminals continue to increase due to unforeseen oppo rtunities presented in the corporate world, but these crimes are often overlooked or minimally publicized in reference to criminal acts on the street. Many street crimes are viewed as unnecessary, horrendous crimes because they are committed by lower class citizens, whereas white collar crimes are illegal acts committedRead MoreUnderstanding White Collar Crime1023 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding White Collar Crime Donald J. Joslyn Tri County Tech Understanding White Collar Crime In the United States, there are many different types of crimes that are committed. One type of crime that is considered non-violent would be white-collar crime. Under white collared crimes there are hundreds of different types of crimes that would fall under this category. Sociologist and criminologists have come up with many different theories to what white-collar crime is and what type of people

The History of Figure Skating and Ice Skates

Historians generally agree that ice skating, what we also today call figure skating, originated in  Europe several millennia ago, though its unclear when and where the first ice skates came into use. Ancient European Origins Archaeologists have been discovering ice skates made from bone throughout Northern Europe and Russia for years, leading scientists to posit that this method of transport was at one point not so much an activity as a necessity. A pair pulled  from the bottom of a lake in Switzerland, dated back to about 3000 B.C., are considered to be one of the oldest skates  ever found. They are made from the leg bones of large animals, with holes bored into each end of the bone into which leather straps were inserted and used to tie the skates to the foot. It is interesting to note that the  old Dutch word for skate is schenkel, which means leg bone. However, a 2008 study of northern European geography and terrain concluded that ice skates likely appeared first in Finland  over 4000 years ago.  This conclusion was based on the fact that, given the number of lakes in  Finland, its people would have had to invent a time-saving way to navigate across the country. Obviously, it would have saved precious time and energy to figure out a way to cross the lakes, rather than circumnavigate them. Metal Edged These early European skates didnt actually cut into the ice. Instead, users moved across the ice by gliding, rather than by what we have come to know as true skating. That came later, around the late 14th century, when the Dutch started sharpening the edges of their formerly flat-bottomed iron skates. This invention now made it possible to actually skate along the ice, and it made poles, which previously had been used to aid in propulsion and balance, obsolete. Skaters could now push and glide with their feet, a movement we still call the Dutch Roll. Ice Dancing The father of modern figure skating is Jackson Haines, an American skater, and dancer who in 1865 developed the two-plate, all-metal blade, which he tied directly to his boots. These allowed him to incorporate a host of ballet and dance moves into his skating—up until that point, most people could only go forward and backward and trace circles or figure eights. Once Haines added the first toe pick to skates in the 1870s, jumps now became possible for figure skaters. Today, increasingly spectacular leaps and bounds are one of the things that have made figure skating such a popular spectator sport, and one of the highlights of the Winter Olympic games. Sporting Developments  was developed in 1875 in Canada, although the first  mechanically refrigerated ice rink, named the Glaciarium, was built in 1876, at Chelsea, London, England, by John Gamgee.   The Dutch are also likely responsible for holding the first  skating competitions, however, the first official speed skating events were not held until 1863 in Oslo, Norway. The  Netherlands hosted the first World Championships in 1889, with teams from Russia, the United States, and England joining the Dutch. Speed skating made its Olympic debut at the winter games in 1924. In 1914, John E. Strauss, a blade maker from St. Paul, Minnesota, invented the  first closed-toe blade made from one piece of steel, making skates lighter and stronger. And, in 1949, Frank Zamboni trademarked the ice resurfacing machine that bears his name. The largest, man-made outdoor ice rink is the Fujikyu Highland Promenade Rink in Japan, built in  1967. It boasts an ice area of 165,750 square feet, the equivalent of 3.8 acres. It is still in use today.

actions to take in response to evidence or concerns that a...

Report. Terms of reference – This report has been asked for by Veronica Cozens, class tutor. The report asks to: 3.1 Define the term ‘safeguarding’ children and identify the characteristics of different types of abuse. 3.3 Describe the actions to take in response to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused, harmed (including self-harm) or bullied, or may be at risk of harm, abuse or bullying. Procedure I have obtained the information from the following sources: Child Protection and Safeguarding Awareness Training For Governors. (handouts) Inclusion Officer and Safeguarding Children Training Officer. Books used: Supporting Teaching Learning in schools Level 2 L Burnham. Teaching Assistants Handbook Level 2†¦show more content†¦The child can seem to be on alert, as if waiting for something bad to happen. Shies away from touch, seems reluctant to go home, flinches at sudden movement. The injuries a child has, appear as a pattern such as marks from a hand or belt. Sexual abuse involves forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities, not necessarily involving a high level of violence, whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activities may involve physical contact, including assault by penetration or non-penetrative acts such as masturbation, kissing, rubbing and touching outside of clothing. They may also include non-contact activities, such as involving children in looking at, or in the production of, sexual images, watching sexual activities, encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways, or grooming a child in preparation for abuse, this also includes via the internet. Sexual abuse is not solely perpetrated by adult males, Women and other children can also commit acts of sexual abuse. This type of abuse is usually committed by someone known to the victim not just by sexual predators. It is important to remember that boys as well as girls can also be the victim of sexual abuse . The signs of sexual abuse as with emotional abuse may not be outwardly visible, because of the shame and self-blame a child will have if this is happening or has happened to them, makes it very difficult for a childShow MoreRelatedTda 2.21843 Words   |  8 Pageswelfare of children and young people, including e-safety. These are as follows Children’s act 1989/2004 Education act 2002 ECM/EYFS E safety 2008 Human rights act Equal opportunities act Safeguarding Health and safety Disability Discrimination act/ SENDA 1.2 * Describe the roles of different agencies involved in safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. Social services- They work in partnership with families and other agencies. When a concern is raised about a child they can carry outRead MoreA Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People3219 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿CT229 - (A) Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People Know about the legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety Current legislation The current legislation for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people is the Working Together to Safeguard ChildrenRead MoreSafeguarding In Schools Unit 62823 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Unit 6: Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People 1- Know about the legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety. The concept of safeguarding is to protect children. The need for the improved legislation is so high-profile cases such as the Victoria Climbie death doesn’t happen again and also to make sure that all agencies work together. 1.1- Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and proceduresRead MoreSafeguarding Children and Young People Essay2886 Words   |  12 Pages202 Safeguarding children and young people 1.1 Within our school there are policies set in place and it is important that staff know the proceedures. The school has various policies and procedures including Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Communicating Health and Safety Information Electrical Equipment First Aid and Medication Serious Injuries Fire Prevention Fire Alarm Procedure Security Confidentiality I ensure i always follow these policies and proceeduresRead MoreIdentify the Current Lgislations, Guidelines, Policies and Procedures for Safegaurding the Welfare of Children and Young People4868 Words   |  20 Pagessafeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety Children Act 1989 This Act identifies the responsibilities of parents and professionals who must work to ensure the safety of the child. This Act includes two important sections which focus specifically on child protection. Section 47 states that the Local Authority has ‘a duty to investigate when there is a reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm’. Section 17 states that servicesRead MoreTda 2.2 Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People.2245 Words   |  9 PagesTDA 2.2 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. Introduction Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people is a high priority in the workplace, and certain actions and procedures must be followed to ensure the safety of all children, both inside and outside of school. There are several different areas that must be addressed when considering safeguarding the welfare of children and young people, both within the school environment and the home environment. TDA 2Read MoreCyp Core 3.3 Essay5063 Words   |  21 PagesCyp core 3.3 – Understand how to safeguard the wellbeing of children and young people.1.1 outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures with own UK home nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. The current legislation, guidelines and policies and procedures state that children have the rights to protection from abuse also they have the right to express their view and to be listened to as well as the right to care and services for disabled children or childrenRead MoreTda 2:2 Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People5741 Words   |  23 PagesTDA 2.2: Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people Know about the legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety. The concept of safeguarding, which works to protect children, has only been developed in the last 50 years. The need for improved legislation has been highlighted by high- profile cases, such as the death of Maria Colwell in 1973 and, more recently, Victoria Climbià © in 2000. These cases shockedRead MoreThe Children ´s Act of 1989 and 20042368 Words   |  10 Pages1.1 The Children’s Act 1989 and 2004: This act is all about ensuring that the children are kept safe from harm and are developing healthy. It’s important that settings support children and their families and work together with them to provide the best for the children. In 2004 the act was revisited because of the Victoria Climbie case and the every child matters came into place where five main aims were made: be healthy, stay safe, achieve through learning, achieve economic well-being and makeRead MoreTDA2.2 – 1.1 – Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people, including e-safety.4380 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Kay Clark TDA2.2 – 1.1 – Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people, including e-safety. Within my workplace I am aware of the statutory and regulatory health and safety requirements for pupils, staff, families and visitors in the school. Health and safety legalisation places overall responsibility for health and safety with the employer. However, as an employee working within a school, you also have responsibilities

Low Fat Diet and Cancer Link Free Essays

Cancer is a very concerning and alarming concept in the present society mainly because of its negative implication on the lives and health welfare of the people afflicted with the ailment. As such, the health society and other concerned organization channel much interest, efforts and resources to study the range and biological nature of cancer together with its likely causes, contributory factors and the long-awaited treatment for the problem. Among the targeted issue is the low fat diets and their link to certain cancers particularly the breast cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Low Fat Diet and Cancer Link or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the general health field concern, it is dominantly established that diet has a significant effect to the health of an individual namely the likeliness of breast cancer to women. This concept is already strongly accepted with the support of many scientific studies and researches. However, on a particular view, how is low-fat diets actually related to breast cancer problem and whether this is on a positive or negative perspective. Most of the studies in this context relate the diet nature to the reduction of the chances of each women of having breast cancer. A particular study conducted by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation establishes that low-fat diet significantly reduces breast cancer chances for women as according to their study, fat content of the women is directly related to the amount of estrogen she has to be converted to estradiol. This estradiol in particular is the biologically active form of estrogen that can promote the growth of breast cancer cells (Paskett, 2004). On another perspective, other studies have also established that low-fat diets can also significantly reduce breast cancer relapse. A particular experimentation conducted by the Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS) has found that women who reduce their consumption of dietary fats have affected their breast cancer condition developing them to become estrogen receptor negative (ER-negative) (National Cancer Institute, 2005). These studies and other have indeed linked low fat diet to be a significant preventive mean against breast cancer. On the other hand, other studies and scientific journals claim a different look on the context, as their researches have found no significant link between low-fat diet and cancer. On the perspective of low fat diet as a preventive mean, the results of the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial have established that there are no significant benefits to be gained in a low-fat diet. Their subject assigned to this diet strategy did not gain natural defense or protection against known cancers such as breast, colorectal, and even cardiovascular diseases (Harvard School of Public Health; 2007). Another report derive from the findings of the American Medical Association states that the reduced risk with low-fat diet and the occurrence of breast cancer is not statistically significant to have a preventive effect or solution offering to the problem (Bhattacharya, 2006). However, it must be noted that the claims derive from this studies, though contradicting the benefits of low-fat diets, are not sufficient reasons to stack up on dietary fats and oils. It is still established and widely accepted that low-fat diets have a significant effects to the cancer problem and health aspect though still not specified by scientific supports and research findings. It is still important to follow help advices and intuition in pursuing low-fat diets that is high on rich-carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins which are equally beneficial to the overall health and the natural protection against certain diseases and health problems. Bibliography Bhattacharya, Shaoni (2006). Low-fat diet may not reduce cancer and heart risks. NewScientist.com News Service. Reed Business Information Ltd. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8697.html. October 11, 2007. Harvard School of Public Health (2007). Low-Fat Diet Not a Cure-All. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/low_fat.html. October 11, 2007. National Cancer Institute (2005). Low-Fat Diet May Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer Relapse. U.S. National Institutes of Health. http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/results/low-fat-diet0505. October 11, 2007. Paskett, Electra D. Ph.D. (2004). Low Fat Vs. Low Carb Diet Studied in Breast Cancer. Ohio State University Medical Center. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/mediaroom/press/article.cfm?ID=1746i=64. October 11, 2007. Â   How to cite Low Fat Diet and Cancer Link, Essay examples

In November 1960, At The Age Of 43, John F. Kennedy Became The Younges Essay Example For Students

In November 1960, At The Age Of 43, John F. Kennedy Became The Younges Essay t man ever elected president of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt had become president at 42 when President William McKinley was assassinated, but he was not elected at that age. On Nov. 22, 1963, Kennedy was shot to death in Dallas, Tex., the fourth United States president to die by an assassins bullet. Kennedy was the nations first Roman Catholic president. He was inaugurated in January 1961, succeeding Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He defeated the Republican candidate, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon, by little more than 100,000 votes. It was one of the closest elections in the nations history. Although Kennedy and his vice-presidential running mate, Lyndon B. Johnson, got less than half of the more than 68 million votes cast, they won the Electoral College vote. Kennedy thus became the 14th minority president. Because of the close vote, election results were challenged in many states. The official electoral vote was Kennedy 303, Nixon 219, and Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia 15. Kennedys FamilyPresident Kennedys great-grandparents immigrated to the United States from Ireland in 1858. They settled in Boston, Mass. His grandfathers, Patrick J. Kennedy and John F. (Honey Fitz) Fitzgerald, were born there. Both men became influential in state politics. Honey Fitz served several terms as Bostons mayor and as a member of the United States House of Representatives. Patrick Kennedy was a powerful ward boss and served in both houses of the Massachusetts legislature. Patricks son, Joseph, was a brilliant mathematician. At the age of 25 he became the youngest bank president in the United States. His fortune continued to grow, and he was one of the few financiers to sense the stock market crash of 1929. He made hundreds of millions of dollars. Joseph married Rose Fitzgerald, daughter of Honey Fitz, on Oct. 7, 1914. Their first child, Joseph, Jr., was born in 1915. John was born on May 29, 1917. Seven other children followed: Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Edward (called Teddy). All were born in Brookline, Mass., a suburb of Boston. Training Pays OffJoseph Kennedy, Sr., set up a million-dollar trust fund for each of his children. This freed them from future financial worry and allowed them to devote their lives to public good, if they desired. As the children grew, their parents stressed the importance of competitive spirit. One of their fathers favorite mottoes was: Second place is a loser. The drive to win was deeply embedded in the children, and they never did anything halfheartedly. Their parents were careful to neglect neither the intellectual nor the physical development of the children. As they grew older, the children would eat their evening meals in two groups, divided by age. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy ate at both meals. This allowed them to discuss subjects which were of interest to each group. All the children attended dancing school while very young, and all, with the exception of Rosemary, loved sports activities. Rosemary did not take part in rough-and-tumble play. The other children, however, thrived on it. Even when they were adults, one of their favorite pastimes was a rousing and often bruising game of touch football. On pleasant days, Mrs. Kennedy took her children for long walks. She made a point of taking them into church for a visit each day. I wanted them to form a habit of making God and religion a daily part of their lives, she said later in life. With this background, it was quite natural for John Kennedy and his brothers and sisters to excel in school and in sports. John attended public schools in Brookline. Later he entered private schools in Riverdale, N.Y., and Wallingford, Conn. In 1935 and 1936 he studied at the London School of Economics. Then he followed his older brother, Joe, into Harvard University. An excellent athlete, John was a star swimmer and a good golfer. His athletic activities, however, were cut down after he suffered a back injury in a Harvard football game. The injury was to plague him later in life. John and his older brother were very close. While a young boy, Joe said that someday he would be president of the United States. The family took him at his word. Of all the children Joe seemed the one most likely to enter the political field. Joseph, Sr., was named ambassador to Great Britain in 1937. John and his older brother then worked as international reporters for their father. John spent his summers in England and much of the rest of his time at Harvard. The brothers often traveled to distant parts of the world to observe events of international importance for their father. The clouds of World War II were hovering over Europe at that time. Return to the United States and CollegeThe senior Kennedy was a controversial ambassador. His candid remarks about the progress of the war in Europe earned him the disfavor of the English and of some of his countrymen in the United States. His family returned home in 1939, and he followed the next year. John finished his studies at Harvard and was graduated with honors in 1940. Later that same year he did graduate work in economics at Stanford University. He also expanded a college thesis into a full-length book entitled Why England Slept. It dealt with Englands unpreparedness for World War II and was based on Johns own experiences while working for his father. The book became a best seller. Serves with Navy in the PacificA few months before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, John attempted to enlist in the United States Army. His old back injury kept him from being accepted. After several months of exercise, he was granted a commission in the Navy. Eventually he became the commander of a torpedo boat and saw extensive action in the South Pacific. In August 1943, during a night action in the Solomon Islands, Johns torpedo boat was rammed and cut in half by a Japanese destroyer. The force of the collision threw him to the deck, reinjuring his back. Despite this, he gathered the ten members of his crew together. One of the crew members was so badly injured that he was unable to swim. He was put into a life jacket. Kennedy gripped one of the jackets straps between his teeth and towed the man as the crew swam to a nearby island. It took them five hours to reach it. For his heroism, Kennedy was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps medal, the Purple Heart, and a citation. The back injury, however, put him out of action for the remainder of the war. Nearly one year after Johns narrow escape, Joe, Jr., a Navy pilot, was killed when his plane exploded in the air over the English coast. To his brothers memory John wrote As We Remember Joe, a collection of tributes. In 1948 Johns sister Kathleen died in an airplane crash in the south of France. She was the widow of the marquess of Hartington of England. He too had been killed in action during World War II, while leading an infantry charge in Normandy, France. Begins Political CareerThe death of his brother deeply affected John Kennedy. Before the war Joe had decided to carry on with his ambition to enter politics. This caused a certain degree of disappointment for John, because he too had considered that field. He felt, however, that one Kennedy in politics was enough and determined to become a newspaperman. After his discharge from the Navy he worked for a short time as a correspondent for the Chicago Herald American and the International News Service. In 1946 he decided to enter politics. To the family this was the most natural thing for him to do. For his first target, Kennedy chose to try for a seat in the United States House of Representatives. He would represent the 11th Massachusetts Congressional District. His family rallied to his side as he began his campaign for the nomination. Because the 11th district was predominantly Democratic, the candidate for the office would have no trouble being elected once he had gained the nomination. Kennedy and his family worked tirelessly. Their efforts, Kennedys own impressive war record, and his familys political background greatly aided his campaign. He easily defeated eight other candidates running for the same nomination. In office, Kennedy quickly established himself as a moderately independent thinker. Occasionally he voted against proposed measures which had met with the approval of his own Democratic party. He was reelected in 1948 and 1950. An accomplished orator, the young congressman became a popular speaker. Genetically Engineered Food EssayIn November, looking forward to the 1964 presidential election, Kennedy made a political visit to Florida and Texas, the two most populous Southern states. His wife, Vice-President Johnson, and Mrs. Johnson accompanied him on the Texas trip. He had been warned that Texas might be hostile. In Dallas, only a month earlier, Adlai Stevenson, United States ambassador to the United Nations, had been spat upon and struck with a pickets placard. In San Antonio, Houston, and Fort Worth, however, the crowds were friendly, and obviously delighted with the charming young Jacqueline Kennedy. Kennedy Is AssassinatedA large and enthusiastic crowd greeted the presidential party when it arrived at the Dallas airport on the morning of November 22. Along the route of the motorcade into downtown Dallas the people stood 10 to 12 deep, applauding warmly. Next to the president in the big open limousine sat his wife. In front of them, on jump seats, were John B. Connally, the governor of Texas, and his wife, Nellie. The third car in the procession carried Vice-President and Mrs. Johnson. As the cars approached a triple underpass, Mrs. Connally turned around and said, You cant say Dallas doesnt love you, Mr. President. At that moment three shots rang out. The president, shot through the head and throat, slumped over into his wifes lap. The second bullet hit Governor Connally, piercing his back, chest, wrist, and thigh. A reporter, glancing up, saw a rifle slowly disappear into a sixth-floor corner window of the Texas School Book Depository, a textbook warehouse overlooking the highway. It was 12:30 PM in Dallas. President Kennedy died in Parkland Memorial Hospital without regaining consciousness. The time of death was set at 1:00 PM.Governor Connally recovered from his multiple wounds. Six minutes after the shooting, a description of a man seen leaving the textbook warehouse went out over the police radio. At 1:18 PM patrolman J.D. Tippit stopped and questioned a man who answered the description. The man shot him dead. At 1:35 PM Dallas police captured Lee Harvey Oswald in a motion-picture theater, where he had hidden after allegedly killing patrolman Tippit. Although a mass of circumstantial evidence, including ballistics tests, pointed to Oswald as the slayer of President Kennedy, the 24-year-old professed Marxist and Castro sympathizer never came to trial. On Sunday, November 24, as he was being led across the basement of the City Hall for transfer to another prison, Jack Ruby (born Rubenstein), a Dallas nightclub owner, broke through a cordon of police and shot Oswald. The murder was committed in full view of television cameras as millions watched. The Return to WashingtonThe casket bearing Kennedys body was removed to the presidential jet plane, Air Force One, where Lyndon B. Johnson took the oath of office as president of the United States. Only 98 minutes had elapsed since Kennedys death. All that long afternoon and into the early morning of the next day, Mrs. Kennedy refused to leave her husbands body. Close by her side at all times after her return to Washington, D.C., was her husbands brother and closest adviser, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. Mrs. Kennedy carefully directed the details of the funeral, consulting with historians as to the traditional burial procedures for other presidents who had died in office. Burial at ArlingtonThe body lay in repose for a day in the East Room of the White House. On November 24, in a solemn procession to the slow beat of muffled drums, the casket was removed to the rotunda of the Capitol and placed on the catafalque which had borne President Abraham Lincolns casket. The following day the funeral procession moved from the Capitol to the White House and then to St. Matthews Cathedral. Here Richard Cardinal Cushing, Roman Catholic archbishop of Boston, celebrated Low Mass. From the White House to the cathedral, Mrs. Kennedy walked in the procession between her husbands brothers, Robert and Edward. In a scene unduplicated in history, 220 foreign leaders followed them. Burial was at Arlington National Cemetery, on a hillside overlooking the Potomac and the city of Washington. At the conclusion of the service Mrs. Kennedy lighted an eternal flame at the grave. Two Kennedy infants were later reburied on either side of their father. They were Patrick Bouvier and an unnamed daughter who was stillborn in 1956. On June 8, 1968, the Kennedy family and a host of other mourners again gathered at the Kennedy grave sitethis time for the burial of Robert F. Kennedy. The presidents brother, who had become a United States senator, was shot on June 5 in Los Angeles, Calif., while campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination. He died on June 6 of brain damage. Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, a Jordanian immigrant who was seized at the scene of the shooting, was eventually indicted for the murder. For the second time President Johnson declared a day of mourning for a Kennedy. Many of the same Americans who honored Robert Kennedys memory on June 9, 1968, were sadly reminded of an earlier day of mourning. In his proclamation declaring Nov. 25, 1963, a National Day of Mourning for John Kennedy, President Johnson paid this tribute to the slain president, quoting in conclusion from Kennedys inaugural address of January 1960: As he did not shrink from his responsibilities, but welcomed them, so he would not have us shrink from carrying on his work beyond this hour of national tragedy. He said it himself: The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve itand the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Warren CommissionOn Nov. 29, 1963, President Johnson created the Presidents Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy to investigate and report on the facts relating to the tragedy. It functioned neither as a court nor as a prosecutor. Chief Justice Earl Warren was appointed chairman. Other members of the bipartisan commission were Senators Richard B. Russell of Georgia and John Sherman Cooper of Kentucky, Representatives Hale Boggs of Louisiana and Gerald R. Ford of Michigan, Allen W. Dulles, and John J. McCloy. J. Lee Rankin was the general counsel. The report was published on Sept. 24, 1964. Since Oswald was unable to stand trial and defend himself, and in fairness to him and his family, the commission requested Walter E. Craig, president of the American Bar Association, to participate in the investigation and to advise the commission whether the proceedings conformed to the basic principles of American justice. The commission found that the shots that killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor Connally were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald. There was no evidence at that time that either Oswald or Jack Ruby was part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to assassinate President Kennedy. No direct or indirect relationship between Oswald and Jack Ruby had been uncovered. On the basis of the evidence before it, the commission concluded that Oswald acted alone. Despite the findings of the commission, conspiracy theories persisted for decades. The commission criticized both the Secret Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Some of the advance preparations and security measures in Dallas made by the Secret Service were found to have been deficient. In addition, though the FBI had obtained considerable information about Oswald, it had no official responsibility to refer this information to the Secret Service. A more carefully coordinated treatment of the Oswald case by the FBI might well have resulted in bringing Oswalds activities to the attention of the Secret Service, the report stated. The commission made suggestions for improved protective measures of the Secret Service and better liaison with the FBI, the Department of State, and other federal agencies. Other recommendations were:That a committee of Cabinet members, or the National Security Council, should review and oversee the protective activities of the Secret Service and other agencies that help safeguard the president. That Congress adopt legislation that would make the assassination of the president and vice-president a federal crime. That the representatives of the bar, law-enforcement associations, and the news media establish ethical standards concerning the collection and presentation of information to the public so that there will be no interference with pending criminal investigations, court proceedings, or the right of individuals to a fair trial. BibliographyMills, Judie. John F. Kennedy (Watts, 1988). Reeves, T.C. John F. Kennedy: The Man, the Politician, the President (Krieger, 1990). Schlesinger, A.M., Jr. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Greenwich, 1983). Selfridge, J.W. John F. Kennedy: Courage in Crisis (Ballantine, 1989). Summers, Anthony. Conspiracy, rev. ed. (Paragon, 1989). Waggoner, Jeffrey. The Assassination of President Kennedy: OpposingThe JFK StoryJFK